A Comparative Study of Text Summarization on E-mail Data Using Unsupervised Learning Approaches

Over the last few years, email has met with enormous popularity. People send and receive a lot of messages every day, connect with colleagues and friends, share files and information. Unfortunately, the email overload outbreak has developed into a personal trouble for users as well as a financial concerns for businesses. Accessing an ever-increasing number of lengthy emails in the present generation has become a major concern for many users. Email text summarization is a promising approach to resolve this challenge. Email messages are general domain text, unstructured and not always well developed syntactically. Such elements introduce challenges for study in text processing, especially for the task of summarization. This research employs a quantitative and inductive methodologies to implement the Unsupervised learning models that addresses summarization task problem, to efficiently generate more precise summaries and to determine which approach of implementing Unsupervised clustering models outperform the best. The precision score from ROUGE-N metrics is used as the evaluation metrics in this research. This research evaluates the performance in terms of the precision score of four different approaches of text summarization by using various combinations of feature embedding technique like Word2Vec /BERT model and hybrid/conventional clustering algorithms. The results reveals that both the approaches of using Word2Vec and BERT feature embedding along with hybrid PHA-ClusteringGain k-Means algorithm achieved increase in the precision when compared with the conventional k-means clustering model. Among those hybrid approaches performed, the one using Word2Vec as feature embedding method attained 55.73% as maximum precision value

Ball-nose end mill cutting mechanics and influence on surface quality

74 p.A cutting force model is developed for simulating the cutting force of the milling process using a ball-nose end-mill cutter. The forces acting on the rake and flank surface of tool are considered for the development of the simulation model. The tool life and resultant surface quality are experimentally investigated using an uncoated carbide cutter on a titanium work-piece. The milling process was carried out on a 3-axis Roeders Tec machine tool. The experimental setup facilitated the measurement of cutting force, vibration and acoustic signals. The tool wear was measured after the milling of a complete layer of the inclined work-piece surface. The surface roughness value of the resultant surface is measured after milling of each layer.Master of Science (Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Nanocellulose as an Avenue for Drug Delivery Applications: A Mini-Review

A controlled and sustained release of an accurate dose of medications into a system can cure diseases associated with the human body. Different potential drug delivery vehicles, which are biocompatible and non-toxic, have been synthesized and developed for the controlled release of drugs targeting specific organs or areas. A delivery agent procured from sustainable sources with less or no side effects is more advantageous in terms of compatibility and toxicity. Among a few bioresources, one such material obtained is the nanocellulose-based drug delivery vehicle. They are ideal for the transport and release of drugs since they are biocompatible and possess good mechanical properties. A major characteristic feature of nanocellulose is that different surface modifications are possible due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups, which can strengthen the interactions required with the therapeutic drug for delivery. Pharmaceutical drugs can strongly bind to the nanocellulose material through electrostatic interactions, and the release can occur in a sustained manner to the target within a few minutes to several days. In this mini-review, we have tried to summarize some of the most important works carried out in the field of nanocellulose-based drug delivery, different types of nanocellulose, its surface modification possibilities, and delivery of medications through three main routes, oral, transdermal, and topical, that have been reported to be effective

Cladophialophora bantiana metabolites are efficient in the larvicidal and ovicidal control of Aedes Aegypti, and Culex Quinquefasciatus and have low toxicity in zebrafish embryo

Mosquitoes' current insecticide resistance status in available public health insecticides is a serious threat to mosquito control initiatives. Microbe-based control agents provide an alternative to conventional pesticides and insecticides, as they can be more targeted than synthetic insecticides. The present study was focused on identifying and investigating the mosquitocidal potential of Cladophialophora bantiana, an endophytic fungus isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica. The Cladophialophora species was identified through phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA sequence. The isolated fungus was first evaluated for its potential to produce metabolites against Aedes aegpti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the 1-4th instar. The secondary metabolites of mycelium extract were assessed at various test doses (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) in independent bioassays for each instar of selected mosquito larvae. After 48 h of exposure, A. aegypti expressed LC50 values of 13.069, 18.085, 9.554, and 11.717 μg/mL and LC90 = 25.702, 30.860, 17.275, and 19.601 μg/mL; followed by C. quinquefasciatus LC50 = 14.467, 11.766, 5.934, and 7.589 μg/mL, and LC90 = 29.529, 20.767, 11.192, and 13.296 μg/mL. The mean % of ovicidal bioassay was recorded 120 h after exposure. The hatchability (%) was proportional to mycelia metabolite concentration. The enzymatic level of acetylcholinesterase in fungal mycelial metabolite treated 4th instar larvae indicated a dose-dependent pattern. The GC–MS profile of C. bantiana extracts identified five of the most abundant compounds, namely cyclobutane, trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne, 1-bromo-2-chloro, propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-2-methyl-, 5,5,10,10-tetrachlorotricyclo, and phenol, which had the killing effect in mosquitoes. Furthermore, the C. bantiana fungus ethyl acetate extracts had a strong larvicidal action on A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. Finally, the toxicity test on zebrafish embryos revealed the induction of malformations only at concentrations above 1 mg/mL. Therefore, our study pioneered evidence that C. bantiana fungal metabolites effectively control A. aegypti and C. qunquefasciastus and show less lethality in zebrafish embryos at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL